A new type of high-quality environmental protection material, SiO2 nanometer porous aerogel, has been tested and found to have a significant adsorption effect on toxic and harmful gases and liquids as well as environmental noise. As an adsorbent material, SiO2 nanometer porous aerogel has the advantages of high adsorption efficiency, convenient desorption, stable performance itself, and a wide range of applications. By compounding it with structural materials such as activated carbon fibers, knitted fibers, non-woven fabrics, and glass fiber cloth, cotton (felt) composite products with high adsorption properties can be formed. Toxic gas adsorption: Its adsorption filtration performance for toxic substances such as benzene, toluene, carbon tetrachloride, and acetaldehyde is about four times higher than that of conventional adsorbent materials like activated carbon and carbon fibers, and it can be conveniently desorbed by thermal airflow without significantly changing its adsorption capacity. SiO2 nanometer porous aerogel has high temperature resistance and stable performance itself. It can be applied in harsh environmental conditions where activated carbon is not suitable, such as high temperatures and corrosion. Water pollutant adsorption: The adsorption capacity of SiO2 nanostructured aerogel for organic solvents far exceeds that of activated carbon adsorbents, with an increase of nearly 30 times for highly soluble solvents, and up to 130 times for less water-soluble solvents. If used for the recovery of oil spills on coasts, the SiO2 new foam material can adsorb up to 237 times its own weight of floating oil, which is much higher than other similar adsorption materials. Noise control: SiO2 nanostructured aerogel has a strong adsorption effect on noise and can significantly reduce noise pollution.