To ensure the safe and reliable operation of rail transit trains under high-speed, large-capacity, and high-density conditions, it has become increasingly urgent to accurately grasp the profile state of steel rails. The field also urgently needs equipment that can achieve rapid, high-precision measurement and real-time analysis of the steel rail profiles. This research introduces three-dimensional scanning technology into the measurement of steel rail profiles. Based on the design of benchmark positioning points suitable for on-site conditions, a three-dimensional scanner is used to obtain the three-dimensional contour point cloud data of the steel rail. Algorithms such as noise reduction in the three-dimensional contour point cloud data, longitudinal and transverse profile cutting and extraction algorithms, and alignment algorithms are proposed. Further, parameters such as longitudinal smoothness and transverse profile wear amount are calculated based on the measurement data. As a result, portable steel rail three-dimensional contour measuring equipment and real-time data analysis systems are developed, achieving simultaneous measurement of the longitudinal and transverse profiles of the steel rail, and real-time analysis and display of profile evaluation parameters. The research goal of this project is to introduce advanced three-dimensional scanning technology into rail profile measurement, propose key algorithms for three-dimensional point cloud processing, and establish a measurement and synchronous real-time analysis system. This system and equipment can meet the requirements for rapid on-site inspection and analysis, completely replace existing measurement devices, achieve simultaneous measurement and analysis of the three-dimensional and longitudinal profiles of rails, measure complex rail structures such as turnouts and tram trough tracks, thereby providing a powerful means for quickly grasping the state of the longitudinal and transverse profiles of rails on-site. At the same time, it can also provide high-precision data for scientific research related to wheel-rail relationships and noise, improve the inspection, maintenance, and repair of railway track conditions, and study wheel-rail relationships. It will also promote the application and promotion of non-contact detection technology in the field of rail transit.