The cooling tower is a major structure for the secondary circulation process of cooling water in thermal power plants, generally using reinforced concrete thin-shell structures with rotating design, which belong to the field of civil engineering structural technology research on thin-shell structures. Large cooling towers refer to those with an evaporation area of over 9,000 square meters, a height exceeding 150 meters, and a minimum diameter of more than 90 meters; the shell wall thickness of these towers can be as thin as about 0.25 meters. When scaled down to the size of an egg, the wall thickness would only be about one-third that of an eggshell, making it a typical flexible reinforced concrete thin-shell structure. The wind load effect on the structure of large cooling towers and the resulting structural safety issues are very prominent, and the economic benefits of optimizing the shell thickness and reinforcement are significant. Internationally, Germany has already built a 200-meter high cooling tower for the Niederrhein power plant, but safety hazards represented by the wind damage to the cooling towers at the Drax power plant in the UK have not yet been eliminated; Although China had few cooling towers with a height exceeding 150 meters until the end of the last century, it has developed rapidly in the past decade. A number of large cooling tower groups have been built, with the tallest reaching about 190 meters, and research on the design of ultra-large cooling towers for nuclear power plants at heights of 200-250 meters has been initiated. Supported by national major science and technology special projects and other plans, this project has focused on the core issues of cooling tower structural design—wind resistance safety and performance optimization trends—multi-objective optimization. It has conducted fundamental and applied research on the wind load effects of large cooling towers, multi-objective optimization, and full process analysis. It has successfully solved key engineering problems in the application of wind resistance safety and performance optimization for China's tallest large cooling tower, as well as forward-looking design issues for the world's tallest ultra-large cooling tower. Technological innovations have been achieved in the areas of wind load on large cooling tower structures, structural wind effects, multi-objective optimization, and full process analysis. 1) Wind Load on Structures: The dynamic flow development law around the structure surface under ultra-high Reynolds number conditions has been discovered, and a cooling tower structure wind load calculation method based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been established. The load distribution pattern and new laws of static and dynamic loads under complex group tower interference conditions have been revealed, and long-term dynamic wind pressure measurements on prototype cooling towers have been carried out to verify the experimental and computational results. 2) Structural Wind Effects: For the first time, a design theory and method for an equivalent lattice aerodynamic elastic model have been proposed, and an equivalent wind load analysis method that accounts for structural load behavior based on multi-objective consistency principles has been established. Systematic studies on buckling stability analysis of cooling tower structures considering nonlinear effects have been conducted. 3) Multi-objective Optimization: Based on the economic analysis of large cooling towers over their entire life cycle, The research team first proposed a multi-objective optimization method for tower cylinder selection that considers the comprehensive effects of structural stability and strength safety under various load combinations, breaking through the bottleneck where performance and cost could not be balanced under the complex load combination of large cooling towers, and significantly improving the economic benefits of large cooling towers. 4) Whole process analysis: Based on the entire life cycle of cooling tower design pre-research, construction, and overall operation, a software integration platform for cooling tower design was developed, covering structural modeling, internal force calculation, bidirectional reinforcement, overall optimization, and automatic drawing. It can also analyze wind effect laws and wind resistance stability against various disaster climate modes (typhoons and tornadoes). The research results have obtained 3 utility model patents and 7 computer software copyright registrations, published more than 40 SCI/EI-indexed papers, and the related research achievements have been evaluated as 'reaching international leading level'. It reflects the cutting-edge progress in contemporary cooling tower engineering research, plays an important role in promoting the development of modern large-scale cooling towers, provides strong scientific and technological support for China to safely, high-quality, and efficiently build large-scale cooling towers, cultivates an active scientific research team in the international academic community, and achieves leapfrog development and sustainable growth in cooling tower scientific research, design, and construction.