Affected by the service environment, the performance and mechanical indicators of concrete materials in existing building structures will undergo changes that are detrimental to the safety of the structure during its service. The testing of concrete materials in existing building structures is a necessary means to determine the strength of the structural concrete and assess the safety of the building structure during its service. In China, there are certain limitations on the technology or equipment used for on-site testing of concrete strength. Existing destructive testing techniques have gradually been replaced by new micro-destructive and non-destructive testing techniques due to their damage to the structure. However, the widely used non-destructive testing techniques often fail to meet engineering needs regarding the applicability of the service environment and service time of the structure. Especially for existing building structures with a long service life, they cannot meet the requirements for rapid and accurate on-site testing of the strength of aged structural concrete materials. The micro-damage field concrete strength rapid detection device can obtain the drillability of concrete by examining the depth that a drilling rig drills into the concrete per unit time or within a specified time. By comparing this with the penetration depths of different grades of concrete calibrated under laboratory conditions using the same equipment, it is possible to determine the concrete's strength. The device uses precisely controlled power to drill rods into the structural concrete being tested, measuring the depth of the drilled concrete per unit time or within a specified time to assess the concrete strength. This device can break through the limitations of traditional testing equipment regarding the service life of concrete and does not cause damage to existing concrete structures.