Diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by high blood sugar levels, which severely affects human health. Currently, type 1 diabetes requires frequent insulin injections, and type 2 diabetes requires long-term use of antidiabetic drugs. However, these treatment processes may also lead to insulin resistance, hypoglycemia, and uncontrolled blood sugar levels. Therefore, it is necessary to break through traditional blood sugar control approaches and develop new products that can treat diabetes without the need for insulin or antidiabetic drugs. Normally, the liver converts excess glucose into glycogen for storage and then converts glycogen back into glucose when needed, a process regulated by insulin. Inspired by this, we have designed a high molecular weight vesicle (also known as a nano 'sugar sponge') that can 'inhale' glucose and store it when blood sugar levels rise, and 'exhale' glucose when blood sugar levels decrease, thereby maintaining stable blood sugar levels. Animal experiments have shown that a single injection of the vesicle can maintain blood sugar balance for two days. In contrast, patients with type 1 diabetes usually need to inject insulin multiple times per day. The blood sugar regulatory function of this vesicle is achieved through dynamic exchange between the glycopolymers on the vesicle and glucose in the blood with lectins on the vesicle, which is known as 'treating sugar with sugar'. This vesicle has a similar blood sugar regulatory function to the liver and provides long-term blood sugar control effects for different types of diabetes without relying on insulin. Additionally, the vesicle undergoes significant size changes during the process of 'breathing' glucose, making it suitable for sensitive monitoring of blood sugar levels. This vesicle, which does not rely on insulin injections or oral hypoglycemic drugs, opens up new avenues for diabetes treatment that 'treats sugar with sugar'.