Polymer vesicles are nanomaterials with a unique structure consisting of an inner cavity, membrane layer, and corona layer. However, the homogeneous membranes of many traditional vesicles are completely hydrophobic, which leads to poor permeability under physiological conditions and makes them unsuitable for material transport, significantly limiting their research and application in the biomedical field. Therefore, how to construct the structure and function of vesicle membranes is a very important scientific issue. This project proposed the concept of non-homogeneous membrane polymer vesicles and subsequently constructed vesicles with cancer diagnosis and treatment functions, achieving a series of original results, endowing vesicles with multiple new functions, enriching the basic theory of macromolecular self-assembly, and revolutionizing the design ideas of biomaterials. Important scientific findings include: 1. The proposal and improvement of the novel concept of non-homogeneous membrane polymer vesicles. It revealed that the non-homogeneous membrane structure of homopolymer vesicles is distinctly different from that of traditional block copolymer vesicles; He established a new method for accurately measuring vesicle membrane thickness using transmission electron microscopy; proposed the self-assembly mechanisms of intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonds, end groups, and charge control in homopolymers to form non-homogeneous film vesicles, and introduced the design principles of 'artificial nuclear membranes' vesicles, laying the theoretical foundation for constructing a series of functional polymer vesicles. 2. He innovatively proposed a new strategy for the in situ sol-gelation preparation of organic/inorganic hybrid vesicles using reactive block copolymers. Facing the scientific problem that siloxane-based reactive monomers are prone to crosslinking and difficult to control during polymerization, he revealed the rules of their controlled polymerization and opened up a new field for constructing organic/inorganic hybrid vesicles with such reactive polymers. This series of works pioneered a new approach for precisely and controllably preparing organic/inorganic hybrid nanomaterials with non-homogeneous film structures. Guided by the concept of heterogeneous membranes, a series of cancer diagnosis and treatment polymer vesicles have been constructed. In response to three important scientific issues in cancer diagnosis and treatment: high-sensitivity detection, efficient drug delivery, and effective therapy, diagnostic and therapeutic integrated vesicles, ultrasound/pH-responsive vesicles, and tumor stem cell-targeted vesicles were designed based on the concept of heterogeneous membranes. This has increased the contrast effect of MRI imaging by one order of magnitude, significantly enhanced the killing effect on tumor cells, and opened up new avenues for cancer diagnosis and treatment. The eight representative papers have been cited 995 times in SCI journals, with the highest single citation reaching 315 times. To date, as the first or corresponding author, I have published 244 SCI papers, including 1 Nature, 5 JACS, 2 Angew. Chem., 1 Adv. Mater., Nat. Commun., Chem. Sci., and other prestigious publications. Nano Lett., 2 articles in ACS Nano, 36 articles in Macromolecules, 3 ESI hot papers, and 10 ESI highly cited papers. Invited to publish reviews and outlooks in authoritative journals such as Chem. Soc. Rev., totaling 7 articles. Obtained 10 authorized Chinese invention patents. 8 representative works have been positively evaluated by 15 academicians from China, the United States, the UK, Germany, Canada, Australia, and more than 20 associate editors of JACS, ACS Nano, and other renowned journals. Academician Mullen of the German Academy of Sciences and Engineering recognized the heterogeneous membrane mechanism, Academician Caruso of the Australian Academy of Sciences commented on ultrasonic responsive vesicles as "the next generation of carriers," and Director Lutz of the French National Scientific Research Center praised the synthesis strategy as very convenient. Professor van Nostrum from Utrecht University in the Netherlands praised: "Du and others conducted pioneering work." Du Jianzhong was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry in the UK, an Advisory Editor for Biomacromolecules, and a member of the Polymer Science Committee of the Chinese Chemical Society. Chen Yongming received the National Outstanding Youth Fund and served as the Deputy Editor-in-Chief of Polymer.