Large-area multifunctional high-efficiency anti-reflective film technology has received widespread attention in recent years. In response to the current issues with methods such as sol-gel, layer-by-layer self-assembly, and chemical vapor deposition, which involve complex preparation processes, low production efficiency, resulting in open-pore structures of the anti-reflective films, poor environmental stability, and inferior mechanical properties, this project adopts a semi-continuous emulsion polymerization method to synthesize controllable polymer/silicon composite structure nanoparticles in one step. These nanoparticles are then coated onto glass substrates using a lift-off coating process, and closed-pore anti-reflective film coatings are prepared through heat treatment at a certain temperature. The study investigates the effects of pH value, monomer ratio, type and amount of silane coupling agent, and other conditions on the refractive index, anti-reflective effect, as well as weather resistance, scratch resistance, and mechanical properties of the anti-reflective film formed by these composite nanoparticles. The goal is to develop multifunctional anti-reflective coatings that fundamentally enhance the optical performance of anti-reflective films. Weather resistance and mechanical properties are explored through a combination of theoretical calculations and experimental verification to seek new approaches for the realization of anti-reflective films, addressing the current production process issues with anti-reflective films. Compared to existing anti-reflective film processes, this project offers a simpler process that solves environmental concerns (since traditional anti-reflective films require alcohol as a solvent, whereas this process uses water throughout), while also achieving excellent anti-reflective effects. Currently, it can achieve a transmittance of over 99.5% in a wide range of visible light wavelengths, and the transmission band can be adjusted according to needs.