China is currently the country with the fastest development momentum in urban rail transit around the world. By the end of 2013, there were 19 cities with a total of 87 lines in operation, covering a total length of 2,539 kilometers. Currently, Beijing and Shanghai have daily passenger traffic exceeding and approaching 10 million people respectively. At the same time, China also experiences frequent and high-incidence track accidents. In just 2011, series of serious accidents such as power supply failures, wrong direction driving, door malfunctions, rear-end collisions, water backflow, and escalator fatalities occurred successively in cities like Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou. These accidents caused significant losses of lives and property and attracted high attention from society and public opinion. Rail transit safety cannot afford the slightest carelessness, and it is urgent to establish a long-term mechanism for rail transit safety management. Third-party safety evaluation is an important measure to ensure the safe operation of rail transit. Due to the complexity of urban rail transit systems, There are numerous specialties, and in the research on safety evaluation of urban rail transit operations, there is a lack of systematic evaluation indicator system research results; in many professional safety status evaluations, there is a lack of quantitative technical means for key indicators, as well as corresponding risk analysis key technologies. Therefore, practical engineering applications of urban rail transit operation safety evaluation projects have not been seen domestically to date. In response to the application needs of urban rail transit operation safety evaluation, the project team conducted research on the evaluation indicator system of urban rail transit operation safety, analyzed the professional characteristics of urban rail transit operation organizations, completed the 'Detailed Rules for Urban Rail Transit Operation Safety Evaluation', designed the evaluation structures for seven professional subsystems including safety management and accident risk, operation organization and management, vehicle systems, signal communication systems, power supply systems, line track civil structure and safety protection areas, and mechanical and electrical equipment. Established a method for the evaluation of urban rail transit operation safety. This method was applied in actual engineering projects, such as the operational safety evaluation of Shanghai's Metro Lines 1 and 2, achieving fruitful results. A comprehensive evaluation model that combines expert consultation and brainstorming methods was established, along with a process for evaluating operational safety and a risk analysis model. A systematic evaluation method was developed. Risk points were classified into five levels: acceptable, to be taken seriously, serious, very serious, and catastrophic. Based on the specific characteristics of each line, risk points were categorized according to differences in design standards, severe equipment aging and damage leading to poor reliability, management issues, professional interfaces, and other aspects. In the evaluation plan, the project team, while deeply aligning with the operation units according to subsystems, paid special attention to issues such as interface management between different professions. The overall evaluation report is centered on operational safety. The project has provided operational safety risk control strategies and targeted rectification suggestions. During the completion of the project, 6 doctoral students and 20 master's students were trained; more than 50 papers were published, including 20 that were indexed by SCI/EI. The evaluation index system for urban rail transit operation safety established in the project is innovative and reaches an international advanced level. The comprehensive evaluation model, operation safety evaluation process, risk analysis model, and other evaluation methods established have filled a gap in the domestic technical field and are at the leading level domestically. Combined with the actual engineering application carried out on the Shanghai Metro Line 1 and Line 2 operation safety evaluation project, this is the first third-party safety evaluation conducted in China, which is innovative, and the project results reach an international advanced level. The project outcomes have been applied to the Shanghai Metro Line 1 and Line 2 operation safety evaluation project. Identified 239 risk points and proposed 106 countermeasures. These conclusions have become important decision-making bases for the municipal government's investment in major infrastructure special subsidies, involving project costs of about 1 billion yuan per year.