The granular tuned mass damper is a new type of damper that organically combines granular damping and tuned mass damping. It can effectively broaden the vibration reduction bandwidth of tuned mass damping, improve the vibration reduction efficiency and durability, and provide a practical approach for the engineering application of granular damping. This topic will explore the vibration reduction mechanism of this new damping system and its effects on building structure vibration control. Through model tests on vibration tables and corresponding numerical theoretical analysis, we will summarize the vibration reduction laws, reveal the working mechanism and physical essence, and focus on examining the effect on earthquake-induced vibration control; establish a fine discrete element model and equivalent simplified algorithm for the additional damping system in building structures, perform parameter sensitivity analysis and optimization analysis; propose reasonable design methods, clarify the corresponding core technologies, design processes, construction, manufacturing, installation, and testing requirements, and use them to guide engineering practice. In-depth theoretical and experimental research on this combined vibration reduction technology is conducive to a thorough understanding of the vibration reduction mechanism of such nonlinear systems, which has important theoretical and engineering significance for proposing a new solution to passive control technology in building structures.